推荐编码规范

下面是 Cocos Creator 开发团队使用的编码规范,收录在手册里以供游戏开发者和工具开发者参考。

命名规范

  • 当我们为变量,函数和实例命名时, 使用 camelCase 命名法。

     // bad
     var FOOBar = {};
     var foo_bar = {};
     function FOOBar () {}
    
     // good
     var fooBar = {};
     function fooBar () {}
    
  • 当我们为类或者模块命名时,使用 PascalCase 命名法。

     // bad
     var foobar = cc.Class({
         foo: 'foo',
         bar: 'bar',
     });
     var foobar = require('foo-bar');
    
     // good
     var FooBar = cc.Class({
         foo: 'foo',
         bar: 'bar',
     });
     var FooBar = require('foo-bar');
    
  • 推荐使用全大写加下划线来命名“常量”。

     // bad
     const PRIVATE_VARIABLE = 'should not be unnecessarily uppercased within a file';
    
     // bad
     var THING_TO_BE_CHANGED = 'should obviously not be uppercased';
    
     // bad
     let REASSIGNABLE_VARIABLE = 'do not use let with uppercase variables';
    
     // ---
    
     // allowed but does not supply semantic value
     export const apiKey = 'SOMEKEY';
    
     // better in most cases
     export const API_KEY = 'SOMEKEY';
    
     // ---
    
     // bad - unnecessarily uppercases key while adding no semantic value
     export const MAPPING = {
         KEY: 'value'
     };
    
     // good
     export const Type = {
         SIMPLE: 'value'
     };
    
  • 使用前置下划线 _ 当我们为私有属性命名

     // bad
     this.__firstName__ = 'foobar';
     this.firstName_ = 'foobar';
    
     // good
     this._firstName = 'foobar';
    
  • 文件名我们采用 dash 命名法

     // bad
     fooBar.js
     FooBar.js
    
     // good
     foo-bar.js
    

语法规范

  • 使用 Object.create(null) 创建一个字典

     // bad
     var map = new Object();
    
     // bad
     var map = {};
    
     // good
     var map = Object.create(null);
    
  • 使用 [] 创建一个数组

     // bad
     var array = new Array();
    
     // good
     var array = [];
    
  • 尽可能在 js 代码中使用单引号 '' 来定义 string

     // bad
     var str = "Hello World";
    
     // good
     var str = 'Hello World';
    
  • 多行 string 定义时, 尽可能使用 + 定义

     // bad
     const errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that was thrown because of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do with this, you would get nowhere fast.';
    
     // bad
     const errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that was thrown because \
     of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do \
     with this, you would get nowhere \
     fast.';
    
     // good
     const errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that was thrown because ' +
       'of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do ' +
       'with this, you would get nowhere fast.';
    
  • 使用 ===!== 而不是 ==!=

书写规范

  • 根据个人习惯, 和原代码作者格式, 选择 4 个空格或者 2 个空格作为缩进

     // bad
     function () {
     ∙var name;
     }
    
     // very bad
     function () {
     ∙∙<tab>∙∙var name;
     }
    
     // good
     function () {
     ∙∙var name;
     }
    
     // good
     function () {
     ∙∙∙∙var name;
     }
    
  • 行尾不要留有空格,文件底部请留一个空行

     // bad
     function () {∙
     ∙∙∙∙var name;∙
     }
     /* EOF */
    
     // good
     function () {
     ∙∙∙∙var name;
     }
    
     /* EOF */
    
  • 语句结尾请加 ;

     // bad
     proto.foo = function () {
     }
    
     // good
     proto.foo = function () {
     };
    
     // bad
     function foo () {
         return 'test'
     }
    
     // very bad
     //   returns `undefined` instead of the value on the next line,
     //   always happens when `return` is on a line by itself because of Automatic Semicolon Insertion!
     function foo () {
         return
             'test'
     }
    
     // good
     function foo () {
         return 'test';
     }
    
     // bad
     function foo () {
     };
    
     // good,这里不是语句结尾
     function foo () {
     }
    
  • 尽可能将 { 和表达式放在同一行

     // bad
     if ( isFoobar )
     {
     }
    
     // good
     if ( isFoobar ) {
     }
    
     // bad
     function foobar ()
     {
     }
    
     // good
     function foobar () {
     }
    
     // bad
     var obj =
     {
         foo: 'foo',
         bar: 'bar',
     }
    
     // good
     var obj = {
         foo: 'foo',
         bar: 'bar',
     }
    
  • { 前请空一格

     // bad
     if (isJedi){
         fight();
     }
     else{
         escape();
     }
    
     // good
     if (isJedi) {
         fight();
     }
     else {
         escape();
     }
    
     // bad
     dog.set('attr',{
         age: '1 year',
         breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog',
     });
    
     // good
     dog.set('attr', {
         age: '1 year',
         breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog',
     });
    
  • 在逻辑状态表达式 ( if, else, while, switch) 后请空一格

     // bad
     if(isJedi) {
         fight ();
     }
     else{
         escape();
     }
    
     // good
     if (isJedi) {
         fight();
     }
     else {
         escape();
     }
    
  • 二元、三元运算符的左右请空一格

     // bad
     var x=y+5;
     var left = rotated? y: x;
    
     // good
     var x = y + 5;
     var left = rotated ? y : x;
    
     // bad
     for (let i=0; i< 10; i++) {
     }
    
     // good
     for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     }
    
  • 一些函数的声明方式

     // bad
     var test = function () {
         console.log('test');
     };
    
     // good
     function test () {
         console.log('test');
     }
    
     // bad
     function divisibleFunction () {
         return DEBUG ? 'foo' : 'bar';
     }
    
     // best
     var divisibleFunction = DEBUG ?
         function () {
             return 'foo';
         } :
         function () {
             return 'bar';
         };
    
     // bad
     function test(){
     }
    
     // good
     function test () {
     }
    
     // bad
     var obj = {
         foo: function () {
         }
     };
    
     // good
     var obj = {
         foo () {
         }
     };
    
     // bad
     array.map(x=>x + 1);
     array.map(x => {
         return x + 1;
     });
    
     // good
     array.map(x => x + 1);
    
  • 在 Block 定义之间请空一行

     // bad
     if (foo) {
         return bar;
     }
     return baz;
    
     // good
     if (foo) {
         return bar;
     }
    
     return baz;
    
     // bad
     const obj = {
         x: 0,
         y: 0,
         foo () {
         },
         bar () {
         },
     };
     return obj;
    
     // good
     const obj = {
         x: 0,
         y: 0,
    
         foo () {
         },
    
         bar () {
         },
     };
    
     return obj;
    
  • 不要使用前置逗号定义

     // bad
     var story = [
           once
         , upon
         , aTime
     ];
    
     // good
     var story = [
         once,
         upon,
         aTime,
     ];
    
     // bad
     var hero = {
           firstName: 'Ada'
         , lastName: 'Lovelace'
         , birthYear: 1815
         , superPower: 'computers'
     };
    
     // good
     var hero = {
         firstName: 'Ada',
         lastName: 'Lovelace',
         birthYear: 1815,
         superPower: 'computers',
     };
    
  • 单行注释请在斜杠后面加一个空格

     //bad
     // good
    
  • 多行注释写法

     /*
      * good
      */
    
  • 需要导出到 API 文档的多行注释写法

     /**
      * good
      */
    
  • 除了多语言 API 注释以外,代码中不允许写中文注释

     // bad
     // 中文注释不利于非中文开发者阅读代码
     // good
     // Please write all in file comments in English
    

推荐阅读

Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide

条与 "" 相匹配的结果

    没有与 "" 匹配的结果